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Objective@#To explore trends in the asthma burden among Chinese children and adolescents 1-19 years old during 1990-2019.@*Methods@#Based on data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, joinpoint regression was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the gender and age specific asthma burden, and the asthma burden in China was compared with countries that have different socio demographic indices(SDI). In addition, trends in asthma burden attributed to different risk factors were also investigated.@*Results@#The asthma burden decreased slightly from 1990 to 1996 [annual percent change (APC)=-1.7%], then rapidly decreased from 1996 to 2005 (APC=-5.7%). The age standardized disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate decreased from 158.55/100 000 to 88.59/100 000 in patients 1-19 years of age. From 2005 to 2017, the DALYs rate for asthma increased slowly, then rapidly. In 2017, the DALYs rate peaked at 176.18/100 000, then decreased to 126.79/100 000 in 2019. The burden of asthma in boys was higher than girls, and the DALYs rate for asthma in the group 5-9 years of age was higher than the remaining age groups. Furthermore, the age standardized DALYs rate for asthma among Chinese children and adolescents was relatively low among countries with a different SDI. In addition, the DALYs rate attributed to high body mass index increased in all age groups in China. Specifically, the average APC (AAPC) was 2.9% in group 1-4 years of age and the AAPC was 4.2% in the remaining age groups. The DALYs rate attributed to occupational asthmagens in the group 15-19 years of age decreased from 1990 to 2019 and the AAPC was -2.5%.@*Conclusion@#The asthma burden was relatively low among Chinese children and adolescents, and there were gender and age differences. The gender and age specific DALYs rate for asthma had a tendency to decrease, increase, then decrease. More attention should be paid to boys and the group 5-9 years of age, and strengthen the intervention of obesity and occupational asthmagens.
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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of recombinant adenovirus associated vi-rus type 1 (rAAV1) mediated SERCA2a gene transfer on cardiac function in canine with heart failure (HF). Methods 20 healthy male beagle dogs were randomly divided into control group,HF group,HF+EGFP group and HF+SERCA2a group,5 dogs in each group. The canine cardiac function,apoptosis and MMP-9 expression in cardiac myocytes were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry methods. Results The left ventricular dia-stolic diameter (LVDD),left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD) and left ventricular posterior wall dimension (LVPWD)in the HF and HF+EGFP groups,were significantly higher than those of the control and HF+SERCA2a groups,and the ejection fraction(EF)in the former two groups was significantly lower than that of the control group and HF+SERCA2a group(P<0.05). The left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP)and left ventricular maximal rate of pressure rise(+dp/dtmax)in the HF and HF+EGFP groups were both significantly lower than those of the control group and HF+SERCA2a group,while left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP)and left ventricular maximal rate of pressure decline(-dp/dtmax)significantly higher than those of the control and HF+SERCA2a groups(P<0.05). The apoptosis index of HF+SERCA2a group was significantly lower than that of group HF and group HF+EGFP(P<0.05). The MMP-9 light density of HF+SERCA2a group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion RAAV1 mediated CA2a SER gene transfer can effectively improve the cardiac function of HF dog,probably by inhibiting the apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells and down-regulating the expression of MMP-9.
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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of recombinant adenovirus associated vi-rus type 1 (rAAV1) mediated SERCA2a gene transfer on cardiac function in canine with heart failure (HF). Methods 20 healthy male beagle dogs were randomly divided into control group,HF group,HF+EGFP group and HF+SERCA2a group,5 dogs in each group. The canine cardiac function,apoptosis and MMP-9 expression in cardiac myocytes were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry methods. Results The left ventricular dia-stolic diameter (LVDD),left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD) and left ventricular posterior wall dimension (LVPWD)in the HF and HF+EGFP groups,were significantly higher than those of the control and HF+SERCA2a groups,and the ejection fraction(EF)in the former two groups was significantly lower than that of the control group and HF+SERCA2a group(P<0.05). The left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP)and left ventricular maximal rate of pressure rise(+dp/dtmax)in the HF and HF+EGFP groups were both significantly lower than those of the control group and HF+SERCA2a group,while left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP)and left ventricular maximal rate of pressure decline(-dp/dtmax)significantly higher than those of the control and HF+SERCA2a groups(P<0.05). The apoptosis index of HF+SERCA2a group was significantly lower than that of group HF and group HF+EGFP(P<0.05). The MMP-9 light density of HF+SERCA2a group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion RAAV1 mediated CA2a SER gene transfer can effectively improve the cardiac function of HF dog,probably by inhibiting the apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells and down-regulating the expression of MMP-9.
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Objective To evaluate the setup errors of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for head-and-neck cancer using kilovoltage cone beam CT( kV CBCT).Methods 256 patients with head-and-neck cancer were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) from March 2009 to October 2011.All patients were immobilized with head-and-neck mask and localized with final isocenter marking method using the Philips PQS CT or Philips Brilliance CT Big Bore scanners,which were equipped with LAP movable laser systems.The CT images were transferred to a Varian Eclipse V8.6 workstation for contouring and planning.A kV cone-beam CT scans was acquired,and registered before the treatment for every patient on a Varian iX linear accelerator via OBI system.The setup errors in the right-left ( RL),superior-inferior (SI),and anterior-posterior (AP) directions were recorded.Results The setup errors for the 473 datasets followed a Gaussian distribution.The systematic errors ± random errors in the RL,SI and AP were(-0.6 ± 1.3 ),(0.5 ± 1.6) and (0.9 ± 1.7 ) mm,respectively.The planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated respectively as 2.4,2.4 and 3.4 mm according to the formula of M =2.5∑ +0.7δ The margins of 288 sets of data using the Big Bore CT scanner were calculated as 2.0,2.1 and 1.7 mm,respectively.Conclusions The setup errors using final isocenter marking method are smaller than those using reference point marking method.The result derived from this retrospective study could be used to set the margin between CTV and PTV.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide(rhBNP)in treatreat of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods 80 patients with AMI were randomly divided into control and treatment group.The two groups were accepted the standard foundation treatment(ABCDE)defined by the WHO and PCI therapy.The treatment group was added the rhBNP on the basis.The rhBNP was uniformly injected by intravenous with 1.5 μg/kg in 90s,and then with 0.0075 μg · kg-1 · min-1 in 48h; To investigate the BNP and myocardiolysis maker(Troponin I,cTnI)levels in blood-serum before and after the treatment;To evaluate left cardiac functions and left ventricular remodeling by left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF);To investigate the major cardiovascular events after treatment within 30 days.Results RhBNP could significantly reduce the concentration of the BNP and cTnI in blood-serum after treating one week(all P ＜ 0.05); It could remarkably deflate LV EDV and LVESV,improve LVEF(allP ＜0.05); It could reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events(P ＜0.05)within 30 days(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The rhBNP could improve left ventricular pressure-phore and volume-phore,improve ventricular remodeling,improve myocardial ischemia and reduce major cardiovascular events within 30 days.It was proved that the rhBNP could improve AMI clinical prognosis.
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OBJECTIVE To discover diversity of X gene sequences of hepatitis B virus isolates in hepatitis B induced liver cirrhosis patients and HBV carriers.METHODS DNA fragment including X gene sequences of hepatitis B virus was amplified,sequencing PCR products was preformed.The PCR products of three liver cirrhosis patients and three HBV symptomless carriers were cloned into pGEMT Easy vectors.Positive clones with target sequences were selected out for sequencing.Sequence comparison was made to find the identity.RESULTS A comparison of T1762/A1764,G1719T,T1727G/A,G1730C and T1753C mutations in a core promoter between the liver cirrhosis patients and the HBV carriers showed that the HBV isolates from the former had higher frequencies of mutation than the latter.The X promoter region of the HBV isolates from the liver cirrhosis patients showed higher frequencies of mutation than the isolates from the HBV carriers.Additionally,the homology between clones of X gene from one individual with liver cirrhosis averages 91.3-99.7%,that of HBV carriers averages 96-100%.CONCLUSIONS The core and X promoter region of the HBV isolates from the liver cirrhosis patients show the higher frequencies of mutation than the isolates from the HBV carriers.There are HBV quasispecies which possess great variation in the liver cirrhosis patients.
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Objective To analyze premature ventricular contractions by dynamic electrocardiogram.Method 186 cases of premature ventricualr contractions were divided into two groups:patho-group(organic heart disease group) 106 cases,and the control group(non-organic heart disease group) 80 cases,both were examined by 24 hours dynamic electrocardiogram,the correlation between PVC shape and T-waves and the heart rate variation were analyzed.Result The variability of Lawn's degrees between the two groups was significant,the indexes of premature ventricualr contractions of patho-group were significantly different compared to the control group(P
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of coronary heart disease intervention and effect on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and C-reactive protein(CRP) levels.Methods 127 cases with angina and myocardial infarct were done PCI(PTCA/PTCA percutaneous transcoronary angioplasty+stenting),the therapeutic efficacy was observed,and perioperative VEGF and CRP levels were determined.Results 146 brackets cases were placed in 127 cases,all brackets were successfully inserted into target vascular lesion sites;2 cases with two rami pathological changes given up PTCA because guide wire couldn't pass anterior descending branch narrow part;4 cases took place no re-flow phenomenon,operation achievement ratio was 95.3%.The levels of post-operative CRP increased 142.9%,but the levels of post-operative VEGF decreased 31.9%.Conclusion The therapeutic efficacy PCI on coronary heart disease is satisfactory monitoring CRP and VEGF in blood serum could be helpful to understand the therapeutic efficacy and inflammation degree.
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OBJECTIVE To establish a simple,sensitive method for detecting the double mutation of the basal core promoter(BCP) of HBV.METHODS FAM fluorescence-labeled TaqMan MGB and primers driving from the region containing the double mutation of BCP were designed for the real time PCR,then the standard positive control,standard negative control and HBV DNA were amplified and detected by the real time PCR.The results of detecting the double mutation of BCP were validated by the direct-sequencing analysis of PCR products.RESULTS The double mutation of BCP of HBV could be detected by the real time PCR.The sensitivity of the method was 3?100 copy templates and as few as 1% of mutant among wild-type virus sequence were detected.CONCLUSIONS The method can be used to detect the double mutation of BCP of serum HBV DNA.
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Objective To investigate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in patients with hypertension in the elderly and it's relation with serum ACE level among Chinese population.Methods Polymorphism of ACE gene was categorized into three genotype:two deletion alleles (genotype DD),heterozygous alleles (genotype ID),and two insertion alleles (genotype II).Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to examine ACE gene polymorphism.Compared the distribution of three ACE genotypes frequencies and D allele frequency in 56 patients with hypertension in the elderly and 40 healthy subjects,whose serum ACE levels were measured.Results The frequency of D allele was higher in the hypertension group (0.61) than in healthy subjects (0.46) (P<0.05).A significant difference in serum ACE level was observed between the hypertensives and healthy (31.0±11.1) U/L and (25.1±10.0) U/L respectively,P<0.05.The highest level of serum ACE activity was in genotype DD,and the lowest level in genotype II,and intermediate in genotype ID.A significant difference in serum ACE level was observed among the genotype DD and ID,and among the genotype DD and II.Conclusion ACE gene I/D polymorphism was associated with serum ACE level.D allele might be a genetic risk factor for hypertension in the elderly.
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Objective To investigate the association between the insertion/deletion(I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the myocardial infarction (MI) among Chinese population. Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was applied to the examination of ACE gene polymorphism. A comparison was performed between 50 patients with MI and another 50 healthy subjects.Results The frequencies of DD genotype (0.38) and D allele (0.58) were both higher among the MI group than that among the control group (0.16 and 0.41 respectively,P
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Objective To report long term results of 30 patients with primary intracranial germinoma and evaluate the treatment policy. Methods After the tumor of these 30 patients was completely or partially removed they were routinely given radiation therapy with the conventional extenal irradiation. Of these 30 patients, 28 received prophylactic whole brain irradiation followed by the cone down technique to the local site to an effective dose except 2 patients who were treated locally without prophylactic irradiation.Nineteen patients received prophylactic spinal cord irradiation.Results The overall 5 ,10 , 15 ,19 year survival rates were 93.1%, 87.6% ,87.6% and 68.2%,respectively.The two patients who did not receive prophylactic whole brain irradiation (1 patient) or too low a dose of that (1 patient) developed metastasis in the brain and spinal cord were given a second course of radiotherapy. One survived for 17 years and the other is living now over 10 years. The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 95%.Conclusions While surgery is indicated to reduce the tumor volume, shunt the hydrocrania and obtain a pathologic diagnosis, radiotherapy is invaluable to cure germinoma. Prophylactic whole brain irradiation of 26～30 Gy is necessary and the curative local dose should be 50～55 Gy. Prophylactic spinal cord irradiation is not indicated routinely except some appropriate patients. For patients younger than 14 years, shielding of the pituitary is necessary while the prophylactic whole brain is being irradiated. The tumor dose at the sella turcica region should be limited to 56 Gy, and the spinal cord need not be irradiated prophylactically.